MULTIVARIATE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS

Authors

Keywords:

Age, goats, morphometric traits, principal components, sex.

Abstract

Multivariate analysis are important tools when considering all variables simultaneously. Principal component analysis using morphological variables of the West African Dwarf goats of Nigeria were carried out based on age and sex. A total of 250 goats, comprising of 143 does and 107 bucks, were used for this study. Data were collected from 10 morphological traits, including; body weight (BWT), body length (BL), height at wither (HW), rump height (RH), paunch girth (PG), heart girth (HG), ear length (EL), tail length (TL), horn length (HoL) and neck circumference (NC). Data collected were subjected to analysis procedures of SPSS (2011) statistical programme. Majority of the goats sampled were female indicating goat keepers’ preference for female than male for herd multiplication. Results of the ANOVA obtained revealed that sex had significant (P<0.05) effects on body weight, height at withers, rump height, body length, paunch girth, heart girth, ear length, horn length and neck length where female goats were significantly (P<0.05) higher than males (16.94+0.39 kg and 11.94+0.36 kg, 47.92+0.40 cm and 45.58+0.42 cm, 52.59+0.50 cm and 49.10+0.46 cm, 55.71+0.54 cm and 50.54+0.51 cm, 68.96+0.77 cm and 61.39+0.62 cm, 62.35+0.56 cm and 55.24+0.59 cm, 12.10+0.12 cm and 11.39+0.13 cm, 7.56+0.28 cm and 5.68+0.32 cm, 28.69+0.32 cm and 27.02+0.34 cm respectively) while sex had no significant (P>0.05) effect on tail length. PC1 and PC2 were extracted for all the ages of the goats, totaling to 68.798 %, 53.833 %, 47.302 % and 51.880 % respectively, of the total variances explained.

Dimensions

Adebambo, A.O., Adebambo, O., Williams, J. L., Blott, S. and Urquart, B. (2011). Genetic distance between two popular Nigerian goat breeds used for milk production. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23 (26).

Akpa, G. N., Duru, S. and Amos T. T. (1998). Influence of strain and sex on estimation of within-age-group body weight of Nigerian Maradi goats from their linear body measurements. Tropical Agriculture (Trinidad), 75: 462-467.

Akpa, G. N., Ambali, A. L. and Suleiman, I. O. (2014). Body Conformation, Testicular and Semen Characteristics as Influenced by Age, Hair Type and Body Condition of Red Sokoto Goat. New York Science Journal, 6 (7). 44 – 58.

Apori, S.O., Osei, D.Y., Rhule, S.W.A., Doku, C. and Oppong-Anane, K. (2011). Livestock marketing in the coastal savannah zone of Ghana. Proceedings of the 17th Biennial Conference of the Ghana Society of Animal Production, 20th - 23rd July, 2011, University of Ghana, Legon. 43-45.

Aziz, M. M. A. and Al-Hur, F. S. (2013). Differentiation between three Saudi goat types using size-free canonical discriminant analysis. Emir Journal of Food and Agriculture, 25(9):723–735.

Chiejina, S. N., Behnke, J. M and Fakae, B. B. (2015). Haemonchotolerance in West African Dwarf goats: contribution to sustainable, anthelmintics-free helminth control in traditionally managed Nigerian dwarf goats. Parasite, 22: 7.

Dereje, T., Berhanu, B. and Aynalem, H. (2013). Morphological Characterization of Indigenous Hararghe Highland Goat Breed in their Native Environment, West Hararghe, Ethiopia. American-Eurasian Journal of Scientific Research, 8 (2): 72-79.

Devendra, C. and Burns, M. (1983). Goat Production in the Tropics. 2nd ed. Farham Royal, Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, 1-60.

Distancesto.com (2019). https://www.distancesto.com/coordinates/ng.

Fajemilehin, O.K.S. and Salako, A.E. (2008). Body measurement characteristics of the West African Dwarf (WAD) Goat in deciduous forest zone of Southwestern Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7 (14): 2521-2526.

FAOSTAT. (2018). http:// http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QA

FAO. (2012). Phenotypic characterization of animal genetic resources. FAO Animal Production and Health Guidelines, No.11. Rome, Italy.

Frandson, R. D. and Elmer, H. W. (1981). Anatomy of the male Reproductive system. In: Frandson RD (ed). Anatomy and Physiology of farm Animals 3rd edition, Lea and Febiger, Philadephia. pp 430-442.

Jimcy, J., Raghavan, K.C. and Sujatha, K.S. (2011). Diversity of local goats in Kerala, India, based on morpho-biometric traits. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 23(5).

Karacaoren, B. and Kadarmideen, H.N. (2008). Principal component and clustering analysis of functional traits in Swiss dairy cattle. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 32: 163–171.

Kosgey, I.S. and Okeyo, A.M. (2007). Genetic improvement of small ruminants in low-input smallholder production systems: Technical and infrastructural issues. Small Ruminant Research, 70(1):76-88.

Kurnianto, E., Sutopo, S., Purbowati, E., Setiatin, E.T., Samsudewa, D. and Permatasari, T. (2013). Multivariate analysis of morphological traits of local goats in Central Java, Indonesia. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 3 (2): 361-367.

Macciotta, N.P.P. and Gaspa, G. (2009). Use of principal component and factor analysis to reduce the number of independent variables in the prediction of genomic breeding values. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 8 (Supplement 2): 105–107.

Ngere, L.O.; Adu, I.F. and Okubanjo, I.O. (1984). The indigenous goats of Nigeria. Animal Genetics Research and Information, 3: 1-9.

Ojo, O.A. (2014). Genetic Diversity of Nigerian Indigenous Goat Breeds Using Microsatellite Markers. Ph.D Thesis. Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. 153pp.

Okpeku, M., Yakubu, A., Peters, S.O., Ozoje, M.O., IkeobiI, C.O.N., Adebambo, O.A. and Imumorin, I.G. (2011). Application of multivariate principal component analysis to morphological characterization of indigenous goats in Southern Nigeria. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, 98(2):101–109.

Olutogun, O., Abdullahi, A.R., Raji, A.O., Adetoro, P.A. and Adetemi, A. (2003). Body conformation characteristics of White Fulani and Gudali (Zebu) cattle breeds of Nigeria. In: Proceedings of the 28th Annual Conference of the Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 28: 114- 117.

Osinowo, O.A., Olorunju, S.A.S., Otchere, E.O. and Arigi, L.A. (1989). Development of a weight band for Yankasa sheep and Red Sokoto goats. Paper presented at the 14th Annual Conference of the Nigeria Society for Animal Production held at Makurdi, 2-6 April. Benue state.

Pesmen, G. and Yardimci, M. (2008). Estimating the live weight using somebody measurements in Saanen goats. Archiva Zootech. 11(4): 30-40.

Pinto, L.F.B., Dacker, I.U., Demelo, C.M.R., Ledur, M.C. and Coutinho, L.L. (2006). Principal components analysis applied to performance and carcass traits in the chicken. Animal Research, 55: 419–425.

Revidatti, M.A., Prieto, P.N., De La Rosa, S., Ribeiro, M.N. and Capellari, yA. (2007). Cabras criollas de la región norte Argentina. Estudio de variables e índices zoométricos. Archivos de Zootecnia, 56: 479–482.

Rotimi, E.A., Egahi, J.O. and Adeoye, A.A. (2015). Effects of sex and location on body weight and morphometric traits in West African Dwarf (WAD) goats in Ushongo Local Government Area of Benue state, Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 1(1): 56-60.

Rotimi, E.A., Momoh, O.M and Egahi, J.O. (2018). Evaluation of some qualitative traits in Sahelian goats in Katsina state, Nigeria. FUDMA Journal of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, 4(2): 207-211

Solomon, A. and Kassahun, A. (2009). Estimation of weight and age of sheep and goats. Ethiopia Sheep and Goat Productivity Improvement Program (ESGPIP). Technical Bulletin No. 23. 14pp.

SPSS. (2011). Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. User’s Guide: Statistics, Version 15.0. Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA.

Truxillo, C. (2003). Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Research Applications Course Notes. Cary, NC: SAS Institute.

Yakubu, A. (2013). Principal component analysis of the conformation traits of Yankasa sheep. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 29 (1): 65-74.

Yakubu, A. and Ayoade, J.A. (2009). Application of principal component factor analysis in quantifying size and morphological indices of domestic rabbits. International Journal of Morphology, 27: 1013-1017.

Yakubu, A., Salako, A.E. and Imumorin, I.G. (2011). Comparative multivariate analysis of biometric traits of West African Dwarf and Red Sokoto goats. Tropical Animal Health and Production, 43:561–566.

Published

14-04-2020

How to Cite

MULTIVARIATE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(1), 333-339. http://www.fjsadmin.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/view/52

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2020): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 4 No. 1

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

MULTIVARIATE PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS. (2020). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 4(1), 333-339. http://www.fjsadmin.fudutsinma.edu.ng/index.php/fjs/article/view/52

Most read articles by the same author(s)