ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ELECTRONIC WASTE DUMP SITE IN ALABA INTERNATIONAL MARKET, LAGOS STATE

Adejoke Murshida Ramadan; Nafiu Abdu; Ado Adamu Yusuf; Shuaibu Akpai Abdullahi; Abdullahi Bala Alhassan

doi:10.33003/fjs-2024-0805-2328

Authors

Adejoke Murshida Ramadan
murshidaramadan2013@gmail.com

Ahmadu Bello University
Nafiu Abdu
Ado Adamu Yusuf
Shuaibu Akpai Abdullahi
Abdullahi Bala Alhassan

Keywords:

Soil contamination, Pollution, Heavy metals, Electronic waste, Alaba International Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract

This research investigates the concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Cd, and Ni) at e-waste dump sites in Lagos, Nigeria. Measuring the concentration and distribution of heavy metals across different soil depths and comparing these concentrations in soil and water samples. For this purpose, 78 soil samples were taken from different sampling points, and analyses were carried out following standard procedures. The soil samples retrieved from the e-waste site consistently exhibit a sandy soil texture, as per the USDA classification system. It was found that Cu generally has the highest concentrations in the soil layers (2022.20-2312.67mgkg^-1) while Cd generally has the least (16.32-22.62 mgkg^-1). The elements observed for this study are Cu > Pd >Ni > Cd. Overall, this comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the environmental contamination and health risks posed by e-waste dump sites, emphasizing the need for effective management strategies to mitigate these risks and protect human health and the environment.

Dimensions

REFERENCES

Abdu N. (2010). Availability, transfer and balances of heavy metals in urban agriculture of West Africa. Ph D. Dissertation, Faculty of Organic Agricultural Sciences, University of Kassel, Germany. pp7-10.

Abdu, N., Abdulkadir, A., Agbenin, J. O., and Buerkert, A. (2011c). Vertical distribution of heavy metals in wastewater-irrigated vegetable garden soils of three West African cities. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystem, 89: 387–397.

Abdu, N., Abdulkadir, A., Agbenin, J. O., and Buerkert, A. (2012). Fractionation and mobility of cadmium and zinc in urban vegetable gardens of Kano, Northern Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 184:2057-2066.

Abdu, N., Agbenin, J. O., and Buerkert, A. (2011c). Geochemical assessment, distribution, and dynamics of trace elements in urban agricultural soils under long-term wastewater irrigation in Kano, northern Nigeria. Journal of plant nutrition and soil science. 174: 447-450.

Abdu, N., Agbenin, J.O., and Buerkert, A. (2011b). Phytoavailability, Human Risk Assessment and Transfer Characteristics of Cadmium and Zinc Contamination from Urban Gardens in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Science Food and Agriculture. 15: 2722-2730.

Adelekan B.A. and Abegunde K.D.(2011) Heavy metals contamination of soil and groundwater at automobile mechanic villages in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 6(5), pp. 1045-1058.

Ahmad M.T., Manderia S. and Manderia K.(2012).Influence of dye industrial effluent on physico chemical characteristics properties of soil at Bhairavgarh, Ujjain, MP, India Research Journal of Environment Sciences.1(1), 50-53

Akpoveta O.V., Osakwe S.A., Okoh B.E. and Otuya B.O. (2010). Physiochemical characteristics and levels of some heavy metals in soils around metal scrap dumps in some parts of delta state, Nigeria, J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Mange. 14(4):57-60.

Al-Saleh, I., Shinwari, N., Mashhour, A., Mohamed, G.E.D., Ghosh, M.A., Shamonasi, Z.and Al Nasser, A. (2006), Cadmium and mercury levels in Saudi Women and its possible relationship with hypertension. Biological Trace Element Research, 112: 13-29.

Andersen H., Siegrist H., Halling-Sorensen B., Ternes, T. (2003). Fate of estrogens in a municipal sewage treatment plant. Environmental Science. Technology. 37 (18): 4021-4026.

Ashman, M.R., and Puri, G. (2002). Essential Soil Science. A clear and concise Introduction to soil science. Blackwell Science, Malden, Ma, pp198.

Ashraf, M.A., Maa, m.j.,Yusoff, I. (2012). Chemical Speciation and Potential Mobility of Heavy. Metals in the Soil of Former Tin Mining Catchment. Scientific world journal.pp. 12-146.

Aswathi, M. and Rai, L.C. (2005), Health effects of environment, Ecology and environmental safety, 29: 90-93.

Azam, F., Farooq,S and Lodhi,VA. (2003). Microbial biomass in agricultural soils-determination, synthesis, dynamics and role in plant nutrition. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 6: 629–639.

Azumi, D.S. and Bichi, M.H. (2010), Industrial pollution and heavy metals profile of Challawa river in Kano, Nigeria, Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental sanitation,5(1): 23-29.

Baldrian, P., Gabriel, J. (2003). Lignocellulose degradation by Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence of cadmium. FEMS. Microbiol Lett 220: 235-240.

Banat, K. M., Howari, F. M., and Al-Hamad, A. A. (2003). Heavy metals in urban soils of central Jordan: should we worry about their environmental risks? Advances in Environmental Research. 8:113–120.

Benebo, N. S. (2011).Global Perspectives on E-waste: Keynote Address by the Director GeneralofGeneral of the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) at 1st Eko E-waste Summit.

Benebo, N. S. (2014) Appropriate Mechanisms for Environmental Protection and Sustainable Development in Nigeria: An Advocate's Viewpoint. Petra Digital Press .

Bhuiyan, M.A.H., Parvez, L., Islam, M.A., Dampare, S.B. and Suzuki, S. (2010). Heavy metal pollution of coal mine-affected agricultural soils in the northern part of Bangladesh Journal of Hazardous Materials 173: 384-392

Bhutta, M.K., Omar, A. and Yang, X. (2011). Electronic waste; is a growing concern in today’s environment. Economic Research International, Volume2011, Article ID 474230, 8 pages dol:10.1155/2011/474230.

Black, C. A. (ed.) (1965); Method of Soil Analysis, Part 2, Chemical and Microbiological Properties, American Society of Agronomy, Inc, Publisher, Madison, Wisconsin USA.

Branco, R., Alpoin, M.C. and Morias, P.V. (2004), Ochrobactrum tiritici strain 5bv11-Characterisation of a chromium resistant and reducing strain, Canadian Journal of Microbiolgy, 50: 697-703.

Bray, R.H., and Kurtz, L.T. (1945). Determination of total, organic and available forms of phosphorus in soils. Soil Science, 59:39-45.

Bremner, J.M., and Mulvaney, C.S. (1982). Nitrogen- Total. In Page AL, Miller RH, and Keeney DR (eds.) Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. 2nd ed. Agronomy, 9: 595- 624.

Bressan, M., Mougel, C.,Dequiedt, S. (2008). Response of soil bacterial community structure to successive perturbations of different types and intensities. Environmental Microbiology 10:2184–2187.

Brookes, P. C., A. Landman, G. Pruden, and D. S. Jenkinson. (1985). Chloroform fumigation and the release of soil nitrogen: a rapid direct extraction method to measure microbial biomass nitrogen in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 17:837-842

Brown, L. R. (2001). Eco-Economy: Building an economy for the earth. New York: W.W.Norton and Company.

Canadian Council of Ministers for the Environment (CCME) (2001). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: summary table,Winnipeg, Canada. 221pp.

Chaube,P., Indurkar, H. and Moghe, S.( 2010): Biodegradation and decolorisation of dye by mix consortia of bacteria and study of toxicity on Phaseolus mungo and Triticum aestivum. Asiatic J. Biotech. Res., 1: 45-56.

Chen, A., Dietrich, K. N., Huo, X., & Ho, S. M. (2011). Developmental neurotoxicants in e-waste: an emerging health concern. Environmental health perspectives, 119(4), 431-438.

Chen, T.B., Zheng, Y.M., Lei, M., Huang, Z.C., Wu, H.T., Chen, H.,Fan, K.K., Yu, K., Wu, X. and Tian, Q.Z. (2005). Assessment of heavy metal pollution in surface soils of urban parks in Beijing, China.Chemosphere, 60:542–51.

Cho, J. C., and Tiedje, J. M. (2000). Biogeography and degree of endemicity of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains in soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66:5448–5456.

Cortes, O.E.J., Barbosa, L.A.D., Kiperstok, A. (2003). Biological treatment of industrial liquid effluent in copper production industry. Tecbahia Revista Baiana de Tecnologia 18(1):89-99.

Crecchio, C., Curci, M., Pellegrino, A. ( 2007). Soil microbial dynamics and genetic diversity in soil under monoculture wheat grown in different long–term management systems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39:1391–1400.

Duffus, J.H.," Heavy metals" a meaningless term?(IUPAC Technical Report)" Pure and Applied Chemistry,Vol 74 no55,pp.793-807,2002.

Eja, M.E., Ogd, O.R. and Arikpo, O.E. (2003). Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in surface sediments from the Great Kwa River Estuary, Calabar, Southeastern Nigeria, Journal of Nigeria Environmental Society, 1:247-256.

Fang, X., Tian, D.L. and Xie, R.X. (2006). Soil physical and chemical properties of the wasteland in Xiangtan manganese mine. Acta. Ecol. Sin., 26(5):1494–501.

Faraco V, Pezzella C, Miele A, Giardina P, Sannia, G.(2009). Bio-remediation of colored industrial wastewaters by the white-rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus ostreatus and their enzymes. Biodegradation 20:209-220.

Farooq, U., Kozinski, J.A., Khan, M.A. and Ather, M. (2010), Biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents a review of the recent literature Bioresources technology, 101(14): 5043-5053.

Fierer, N., and Jackson, R.B.(2006). The diversity and biogeography of soil bacterial communities. Proceedings of the National Academy of the Sciences USA 103:626–631.

Fierer, N., Schimel, J., Holden, P., (2003). Variations in microbial community composition through two soil depth profiles. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 35, 167-176

Filguerias A. V., Lavilla I. and Bendicho C. (2002). Chemical sequential extraction for metal partitioning in environmental solid samples Journal of Environmental Monitoring. 4: 823–857.

Gee, G.W., and Bauder, J.W. (1986). Particle-size analysis. In A. Klute (ed.) Method of soil analysis. Part 1. Physical and mineralogical methods. 2nd ed. Agronomy Monogram American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI. p. 383-411.

Ghosh, M. and Singh, S.P. (2005). A comparative study of cadmium phytoextraction by accumulator and weed species. Environmental Pollution 133: 365-371.

Gomes, P.C., Fontes, M.P.F., da Silva, A.G., Mendonca, E.de S. and Netto, R.A.(2001). Selectivity sequence and competitive adsorption of heavy metals by Brazilian soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 65: 1115-1125.

Gregorich, E.G., Liang,B.C, Drury,C.F., Mackenzie,A.F., and McGill,W.B. (2000). Elucidation of the source and turnover of water soluble and microbial biomass carbon in agricultural soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 32: 581–587.

Hackl, E., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Bodrossy, L., and Sessitsch, A. (2004). Comparison of diversities and compositions of bacterial populations inhabiting natural forest soils. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70:5057–5065.

Haney, R.L., A.J. Franzluebbers, F.M. Hons, L.R. Hossner and D.A. Zuberer. (2001). Molar concentration of K2SO4 and soil pH effect estimation of extractable C with chloroform fumigation extraction. Soil Biology and Biochemtry Biochemistry 33: 1501–1507.

Haney, R.L., Franzluebbers, F.M. Hons, L.R., Hossner,A.J and Zuberer,D,A. (2001). Molar concentration of K2SO4 and soil pH effect estimation of extractable C with chloroform fumigation extraction. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 33: 1501–1507

Hazrat Ali, Ezzat Khan and Ikram Ilahi (2019). "Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation", Journal of Chemistry, vol. 2019, 14 pages, 2019.

Jack, C., Edith, C., Richard, F., and Calah, L. (2011). Assessing Worker and Environmental Chemical Exposure Risks at an e-Waste Recycling and Disposal Site in Accra, Ghana. Journal of Health and Pollution: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 16-25.

Li, J., Song, Y., Wang, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2019). A review on heavy metal contamination in the soil worldwide: Situation, impact, and remediation techniques. Environmental Skeptics and Critics, 8(2), 44-56.

Lim, C.H. and Jackson, M.L. (1986). Expandable phyllosilicate reactions with lithium on heating. Clays and Clay Minerals, 34: 346-352.

Ogbomo, M. O., Obuh, A. O., & Ibolo, E. (2012). Managing ICT waste: the case of Delta State University Abraka, Nigeria. Library Philosophy and Practice, 12(4), 1-9.

Ogungbuyi, O., Nnorom, I.C., Osibanjo, O. and Schluep, M., (2012). E-waste country assessment, Nigeria. E-waste Africa Project of the Secretariat of the Basel Convention, 94 pp.

Ohajinwa, C., Van Bodegom, P., Vijver, M., Peijnenburg, W., 2017. Health risks awareness of electronic waste workers in the informal sector in Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 14, 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080911.

Okeyode I.C and Moshood I.A (2010), Elemental Compositions of The Soil of Ogun- Osun River pages dol:10.1155/2011/474230.

Popoola O. E., Bisi-Johnson M. A., Abiodun A., Ibeh O. S. (2013). Department of Chemical bn Science, Yaba College of Technology, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.

Schluep, M. (2012, May). E-waste country assessment Nigeria-e-Waste Africa project of the secretariat of the Basel convention. BCCC: Basel Convention Co-Ordinating Centre. Science and Technology, vol. 3(3), 335-337.

Terada, C. (2012). Recycling Electronic Wastes in Nigeria: Putting Environmental and Human Rights at Risk, 10 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts, 154.''" ""

ASSESSMENT OF THE CONCENTRATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ELECTRONIC WASTE DUMP SITE IN ALABA INTERNATIONAL MARKET, LAGOS STATE

Authors

Keywords:

Abstract

REFERENCES

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

How to Cite

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Make a Submission

Browse

Developed By

Information

Latest publications