PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA LEAVES ON CANDIDA ALBICANS

Authors

Keywords:

Alcalypha wilkesiana, Candida albicans, Candidiasis, fungal infection, vagina

Abstract

Acalypha wilkesiana, commonly called Jacob’s coat, is native to South Pacific Islands and belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. This study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical constituent and the antifungal effect of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana leaves on Candida albicans. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana were investigated for their antifungal activity against Candida albicans using agar well diffusion method. A total of twenty (20) isolates were collected from Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, Samara, Zaria, of which all were confirmed using microscopy (wet mount), culture and Germ tube test to be Candida albicans. The plant extract was prepared using maceration method. The preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract showed the presence of alkaloids, cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenolic compounds, tannins, steroids, carbohydrates, flavonoids and terpenoids. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration for both the aqueous and methanolic extracts were at 100 mg/mL and 75 mg/mL. The Minimum Fungicidal Concentration for both extracts were at 100 mg/mL. Acalypha wilkesiana studied here can be seen as a potential source of useful drugs. The result of this study therefore justifies the use of plant as the herbal medicine for the treatment of fungal infection caused by Candida albicans.

Dimensions

Amadioha, A. C. (2002). Fungitoxic effects of extracts of Azadirachta indica against Cochliobolus miyabeanus causing brown spot disease of rice. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant protection, 35(1), 37-42.

Anokwuru, C.P., Sinisi, A., Samie, A., and Taglialatela-Scafati, O. (2015). Antibacterial and antioxidant constituents of Acalypha wilkesiana. Natural Product Research. 29 (12), 1180–1183. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.983105

Azwanida, N.N. (2015). A Review on the Extraction Methods use in Medicinal Plants, Principle, Strength and Limitation. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants 4: 196.

Bauer, A.W.; Kirby, M.M. and Sheriss, J.C. (1966). Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disc method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45: 493 – 496.

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID), Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases (DFWED)

Cockerill, F. R., Wikler, M.A., Alder, J.,Dudley, M.N.,Eliopoulus, G.M., Ferraro, M.J., Hardy, D.J., Hecht, D.W., Hindler, J.A., Patel, J.B., Powell, M., Swenson, J.M., Thomsom, R.B., Traczewski, M.M., Turnidge, J.D., Weinstein, M.P., and Zimmer, B.M. (2012). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grows aerobically, approved standard. 9th edition. 32: (2).12

El astal, Z.Y., Aera, A., Aam, A.(2005). Antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plant extracts in Palestine. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences.21 (2) :187.

Ezekiel, C.N., Anokwuru, C.P., Nsofor, E., Odusanya, O.A and Adebanjo, O. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity of the Methanolic and Crude Alkaloid Extracts of Acalypha wilkesiana cv. macafeeana Copper Leaf. Research Journal of Microbiology. 4:269-277.

Frobenius, W and Bogdan., C. (2015). "Diagnostic Value of Vaginal Discharge, Wet Mount and Vaginal pH – An Update on the Basics of Gynecologic Infectiology". Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde. 75 (4):355–366. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1545909. ISSN 0016-751. PMC 4437757. PMID 26028693.

Gilman, E.F. (2000). Acalypha wilkesiana. Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Fact Sheet FPS-6.

Haruna, M. T., Anokwuru, C. P., Akeredolu, A. A., Akinsemolu, A. A., and Alabi, O. A. (2013). Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Acalypha wilkesiana. European Journal of medicinal plants, 52-64.

Kingsley, O., and Marshall, A.A. (2014). Medicinal Potential of Acalypha wilkesiana Leaves. Advances in Research. 2(11), 655-665. doi:10.9734/air/2014/9452

Latlong, (2021) Zaria, Nigeria Latitude and longitude coordinates information. 2012-2021. https://latLong.net

Murray, P.R., Baron E.J., Jorgensen J.H., Landry M.L., and Pfaller M.A. (2007). Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 9th Edition. Washington, DC: American Society of Microbiology press.

Oladunmoye, M.K. (2006). Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of Two Varieties of Acalypha Wilkesiana. Trends in Applied Science Research Limited. 538 – 541.

Priya, A., and Pandian, S. K. (2020). Piperine impedes biofilm formation and hyphal morphogenesis of Candida albicans. Frontiers in microbiology, 11, 756.

Raaman, N. (2006). Phytochemical Techniques. New India publishing agency, New Delhi, India.10

Sofowora, A. (1993). Phytochemical Screening of Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine in Africa, Spectrum Books Ltd, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Trease, G.E., and Evans, W. C. (1989). Phenols and phenolic glycosides. Pharmacognosy, Balliese, Tindall and Co Publishers, London, UK, 12: 343–383.

Wächtler, B., Citiulo, F., Jablonowski, N., Förster, S., Dalle, F., Schaller, M., and Hube, B. (2012). Candida albicans-epithelial interactions: dissecting the roles of active penetration, induced endocytosis and host factors on the infection process. Public library of Science one, 7(5), e36952.

Willey, J.M., Sherwood, L., Woolverton, C.J., Willey, L.M., and Willey, J.M. (2008). Prescott's microbiology. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Published

30-06-2023

How to Cite

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA LEAVES ON CANDIDA ALBICANS. (2023). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 7(3), 209-214. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0703-1735

Issue

Vol. 7 No. 3 (2023): FUDMA Journal of Sciences - Vol. 7 No. 3

Section

Research Articles
Copyright & Licensing

FUDMA Journal of Sciences

How to Cite

PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ACALYPHA WILKESIANA LEAVES ON CANDIDA ALBICANS. (2023). FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES, 7(3), 209-214. https://doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2023-0703-1735